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Bee Honey Dish |
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Classification
by packaging and processing
Honey comb
Generally,
honey is bottled in its familiar liquid form.
However, honey is sold in other forms, and can
be subjected to a variety of processing methods.
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Crystallized honey is honey in which some
of the glucose content has spontaneously crystallized
from solution as the monohydrate. Also called
"granulated honey." Honey that has
crystallized over time (or commercially purchased
crystallized) in the home can be returned to
a liquid state if stirred in a container sitting
in warm water at 120 degrees Fahrenheit.[36]
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Pasteurized honey is honey that has been heated
in a pasteurization process. Pasteurization
destroys yeast cells. It also liquefies any
micro-crystals in the honey which delays the
onset of visible crystallization. However, excessive
heat-exposure also results in product deterioration
as it increases the level of hydroxymethylfurfural
(HMF) and reduces enzyme (e.g. diastase) activity.
Heat also affects appearance, taste, and fragrance,
darkening the natural honey color (browning).[37]
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Raw honey is honey as it exists in the beehive
or as obtained by extraction, settling or straining
without adding heat (although some honey that
has been "minimally processed" is
often labeled as raw honey).[38] Raw honey contains
some pollen and may contain small particles
of wax. Local raw honey is sought after by allergy
sufferers as the pollen impurities are thought
to lessen the sensitivity to hay fever (see
Medical Applications below).
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Strained honey is honey which has been passed
through a mesh material to remove particulate
material (pieces of wax, propolis, other defects)
without removing pollen, minerals or valuable
enzymes.
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Ultrafiltered honey is honey processed by
very fine filtration under high pressure to
remove all extraneous solids and pollen grains.
The process typically heats honey to 150–170
°F (approx 65-77 °C) to more easily
pass through the fine filter. Ultrafiltered
honey is very clear and has a longer shelf life,
because it crystallizes more slowly because
of the high temperatures breaking down any sugar
seed crystals, making it preferred by the supermarket
trade.
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Ultrasonicated honey is honey that has been
processed by ultrasonication, a non-thermal
processing alternative for honey. When honey
is exposed to ultrasonication, most of the yeast
cells are destroyed. Yeast cells that survive
sonication generally lose their ability to grow.
This reduces the rate of honey fermentation
substantially. Ultrasonication also eliminates
existing crystals and inhibits further crystallization
in honey. Ultrasonically aided liquefaction
can work at substantially lower temperatures
of approximately 35 °C (95 °F) and can
reduce liquefaction time to less than 30 seconds.[39]
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Whipped honey, also called creamed honey,
spun honey, churned honey, candied honey, and
honey fondant, is honey that has been processed
to control crystallization. Whipped honey contains
a large number of small crystals in the honey.
The small crystals prevent the formation of
larger crystals that can occur in unprocessed
honey. The processing also produces a honey
with a smooth spreadable consistency.
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Dried honey, has the moisture extracted from
liquid honey to create a completely solid, non-sticky
honey. This process may or may not include the
use of drying and anti-binding agents. Dried
honey is commonly used to garnish desserts.
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Comb honey is honey still in the honeybees'
wax comb. Comb honey traditionally is collected
by using standard wooden frames in honey supers.
The frames are collected and the comb cut out
in chunks before packaging. As an alternative
to this labor intensive method, plastic rings
or cartridges can be used that do not require
manual cutting of the comb, and speed packaging.
Comb honey harvested in the traditional manner
is also referred to as "Cut-Comb honey"[40]
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Chunk honey is honey packed in widemouth containers
consisting of one or more pieces of comb honey
immersed in extracted liquid honey.
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